内容来源：https://www.wired.com/story/rfk-jr-says-americans-need-more-protein-his-grok-powered-food-website-disagrees/

内容总结：

美国新版膳食指南引争议：AI建议与官方宣传存在差异

在今年的"超级碗"广告中，由非营利组织MAHA中心出资、拳王迈克·泰森出镜的一则30秒广告引发关注。该广告呼吁民众减少加工食品摄入，并引导观众访问美国政府推出的新网站Realfood.gov。该网站由卫生与公众服务部部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪推广，旨在宣传今年1月发布的新版膳食指南，并鼓励民众使用埃隆·马斯克旗下的人工智能聊天机器人Grok获取"关于真实食物的真实答案"。

新版指南显著提高了蛋白质摄入建议量，推荐每日每公斤体重摄入1.2至1.6克蛋白质，较以往标准有所增加。网站首页展示的新式倒三角膳食图中，牛排等动物性食品被置于醒目位置，并明确宣称"我们正在结束对蛋白质的战争"——这一表述与肯尼迪部长近期在全国最大畜牧贸易展上的发言形成呼应。

然而，实际调查发现多重信息矛盾。首先，美国成年人目前日均蛋白质摄入量已达每公斤体重1克，基本满足营养需求。其次，当民众按网站建议向Grok咨询时，该AI最初仍推荐沿用数十年的旧标准（0.8克/公斤）。只有在用户补充说明健身习惯后，其建议才接近新版指南。

营养学界专家指出，新指南可能混淆了不同人群的需求。凯斯西储大学临床营养师林赛·马隆表示："政府似乎想针对代谢欠佳人群提出建议，但简化信息可能导致公众误解。"她强调，单纯增加蛋白质并不能增肌，必须配合抗阻训练。

威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校营养学教授米歇尔·金·里默则警告，任何营养素过量都可能导致体重增加，"过量蛋白质同样会转化为脂肪储存"。值得注意的是，Grok在回答蛋白质来源问题时，仍遵循美国心脏协会等权威机构的建议，优先推荐植物蛋白、鱼类和禽蛋，并明确建议限制红肉及加工肉类摄入——这与政府大力推广红肉的宣传形成微妙反差。

公共卫生传播专家杰西卡·克努里克指出，人工智能在营养领域仍存在大量错误信息，"在政府官网上集成此类工具为时过早"。这场由政府部门主导的膳食宣传运动，因传统营养学界建议、人工智能反馈与官方推广信息之间的多重不一致，正引发公众对科学膳食指导的困惑。

中文翻译：

一则由非营利组织MAHA中心出资、拳击传奇人物迈克·泰森出镜的30秒"超级碗"广告，呼吁观众远离加工食品并访问Realfood.gov网站。该政府网站由卫生与公众服务部部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪推广，提供政府于一月份发布的新版膳食指南资源，并鼓励民众使用埃隆·马斯克旗下的人工智能聊天机器人Grok来"获取关于真实食物的可靠答案"。

我决定验证Grok的建议是否与政府推荐相符，特别是在蛋白质摄入方面。新版指南建议每日每公斤体重摄入1.2至1.6克蛋白质——这比既往标准更高——而新版倒置食物金字塔将牛排等动物性食品置于显著位置。"我们正在终结对蛋白质的战争"，Realfood.gov网站上的声明与肯尼迪的公开表态如出一辙。

事实上多数美国人已摄入充足蛋白质——Grok也认同这点。政府发布的《美国膳食指南科学依据》报告（该报告链接可在Realfood.gov找到）同样指出：美国成年人日均蛋白质摄入量约为每公斤体重1克，约占总能量摄入的15%，恰好处于可接受宏量营养素分布范围（ADMR）中值，"表明蛋白质缺乏症较为罕见"。

遵循网站"向AI咨询建议"的引导，我首先根据年龄、身高、体重向Grok询问每日蛋白质建议摄入量。（需说明的是，Grok常因访问量过大无法生成答案，转而建议用户注册账户。）它给出的建议是每公斤体重0.8克——这是美国医学研究院制定的长期沿用推荐膳食供给量标准。当我补充说明自己每周进行四天、每次30分钟的力量训练后，Grok的回答更接近政府新版指南。

每公斤体重0.8克的推荐量是针对久坐人群预防蛋白质缺乏的最低标准，而这正是相当部分美国民众的生活状态。受访营养学家们一致认为，新版建议对规律运动者更为适宜。"政府可能试图针对代谢亚健康人群——他们需要更多蛋白质来增强饱腹感并增肌。但这种细微差别被笼统的宣传掩盖了，"凯斯西储大学临床营养师林赛·马隆指出，"当普通人转向AI工具时，过量信息反而造成困扰。"

她补充说明，虽然增加蛋白质摄入能提升饱腹感从而减少零食摄入，但单纯补充蛋白质不会增强肌肉——肌肉增长主要依靠抗阻训练或力量训练。

威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校齐尔伯公共卫生学院营养科学临床助理教授米歇尔·金·里默提醒，任何宏量营养素（蛋白质、脂肪或碳水化合物）过量摄入都会导致体重增加。"过剩的蛋白质仍会转化为脂肪，引发体重上升。"

政府宣传还强调"每餐优先摄入蛋白质"，并应搭配动植物蛋白。根据卫生与公众服务部声明，肯尼迪上周在全国最大牲畜贸易展上强调"肉类蛋白的重要性"，宣称"牛肉重返餐桌"。

当我询问Grok最健康的蛋白质来源时，它列出了植物蛋白、鱼虾海鲜、去皮禽肉和鸡蛋，同时建议限制红肉及加工肉制品摄入。这些建议与美国心脏协会等主流健康机构的观点一致，且越来越多证据表明，相比高红肉饮食，植物蛋白和鱼类饮食更有利于健康。

该聊天机器人还对肯尼迪本人推荐的肉类发酵食品饮食方案提出警示。Grok一方面指出坊间传闻称该饮食可能带来减重和"头脑清醒感"，另一方面警告可能导致"坏血病样症状"、便秘及痛风。

"信息矛盾使公众难以理解真正影响健康的因素，"里默评论道。

尽管Grok可能正确回答了我的基础营养问题，但注册营养师兼公共卫生传播专家杰西卡·努里克在社交媒体视频中多次揭露AI生成营养信息的谬误，她认为依赖Grok获取具体营养建议并不可取。"人工智能常犯错误，"她表示，"在政府网站上整合这类工具为时过早。"

英文来源：

A 30-second Super Bowl ad featuring boxing legend Mike Tyson and paid for by the nonprofit MAHA Center encourages viewers to avoid processed foods and visit Realfood.gov. The government website, which Health and Human Services secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is promoting, provides resources on the administration’s new dietary guidelines, released in January, and encourages people to use Elon Musk’s AI chatbot Grok to “get real answers about real food.”
I decided to see how Grok’s advice aligns with the administration's recommendations, particularly around protein intake. The new guidelines say to get 1.2 to 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day—more than what was previously advised—while the new inverted food pyramid prominently features steak and other animal products.
“We are ending the war on protein,” Realfood.gov states, echoing similar declarations by Kennedy.
Most Americans are already eating enough protein—and Grok agrees. In fact, so does the administration’s own “Scientific Foundation for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,” which is linked on Realfood.gov. It says that US adults consume on average about one gram of protein per kilogram of body weight per day, or roughly 15 percent of total energy—the midpoint of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, or ADMR—”suggesting that deficiency is rare.”
Following the website’s encouragement to ask AI for advice, I initially asked Grok how much protein I should eat based on my age, height, and weight. (Grok, it should be noted, frequently does not return answers to prompts, instead citing high demand and encouraging users to sign up for an account.) It recommended 0.8 grams per kilogram per day—the long-standing recommended daily allowance, or RDA, developed by the National Institute of Medicine. When I refined my question, saying that I do 30 minutes of strength training four days a week, Grok’s response was more in line with the administration’s new guidelines.
The recommendation of 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram per day is the minimum amount needed to prevent a protein deficiency for a sedentary lifestyle, which describes a significant portion of the American population. Nutritionists I spoke with agree that the new recommendations are more appropriate for people who exercise regularly.
“What I think the administration is trying to do is to target the metabolically unhealthy people who may need a little more protein to feel full and satisfied to build some muscle. But that nuance is lost with their single message,” says Lindsay Malone, a clinical dietician at Case Western Reserve University. “Then you go to this AI tool, and it’s almost too much information for the average person.”
While eating more protein can make you feel fuller so that you avoid snacking, she says, eating more protein on its own doesn’t build muscle, which is primarily built through resistance or strength training.
Michelle King Rimer, a clinical assistant professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee’s Zilber College of Public Health, says eating too much of any macronutrient—protein, fats, or carbohydrates—can lead to weight gain. “Consuming excess protein can still be converted into fat, which can lead to weight gain,” she says.
The administration’s messaging also says to “prioritize protein at every meal” with a mix of protein from animal and plant sources. Last week, Kennedy spoke about the “importance of meat protein” at the nation’s largest cattle trade show, declaring that “beef is back on the menu,” according to an HHS statement.
When I asked Grok which protein sources are healthiest, it listed plant-based proteins, fish and seafood, lean poultry, and eggs. The chatbot said to limit or minimize red meat and processed meats. That all reflects advice from major health organizations such as the American Heart Association and growing evidence that eating plant-based proteins and fish are associated with better health outcomes than diets high in red meat.
The chatbot also raised concerns about RFK Jr.’s own recommended diet of meat and fermented foods. On the plus side, Grok pointed to anecdotal reports that it could lead to weight loss and “reduced brain fog.” On the negative side, it suggested that the diet could lead to “scurvy-like symptoms,” constipation, and gout.
“The inconsistency of the messaging makes it hard for the public to understand what actually matters for their health,” Rimer says.
While Grok might have answered my basic nutrition questions correctly, registered dietitian and public health communicator Jessica Knurick has debunked plenty of AI-generated nutrition information in her videos on social media and says it’s not a good idea to rely on Grok for specific nutrition advice.
“AI gets a lot wrong,” she says. “I think it's premature to be integrating something like this on a government website.”