内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2026/washington-lawmakers-target-addictive-social-media-feeds-in-revived-push-for-youth-safeguards/

内容总结：

华盛顿州拟立法限制青少年“成瘾性信息流” 科技巨头与家长激辩网络保护边界

（华盛顿州奥林匹亚讯）一起青少年因社交媒体接触毒品致死的悲剧，正推动华盛顿州立法者与科技巨头就未成年人网络保护展开新一轮角力。核心争议聚焦于一项旨在限制向未成年人推送“成瘾性信息流”的法案。

悲剧背后的立法推动
16岁少年艾弗里·平生前梦想成为一名心理医生，却深受屏幕成瘾困扰。其父亲亚伦·平认为，社交媒体基于多巴胺奖励机制的设计对发育中的青少年大脑产生有害影响，最终导致艾弗里在2024年底通过Snapchat寻求致幻毒品并用药过量身亡。这场悲剧促使亚伦成为推动《众议院第1834号法案》的坚定倡导者。该法案旨在禁止Instagram、YouTube、TikTok等平台向未成年人提供“成瘾性信息流”，并限制在夜间及学校时段向未成年人发送推送通知（经家长同意的除外）。青少年仍可主动搜索内容或关注特定用户。

“这是在使网络环境变得安全之前必须迈出的第一步，”亚伦·平表示。

支持与反对：安全、监管与言论自由的博弈
法案获得州检察长鲍勃·弗格森及州长杰伊·英斯利的支持，其设计参考了已经受住法庭考验的加州相关立法。支持者，包括一些前科技公司高管，指出算法以最大化用户在线时长为目标，对青少年心理健康构成严重威胁。州众议员、法案发起人丽莎·卡兰强调，立法意图是从源头预防焦虑和抑郁。

然而，科技行业强烈反对。代表亚马逊、苹果、Meta、谷歌等巨头的行业组织TechNet西北区执行董事罗斯·费利西亚诺称，该法案可能限制公司提供全面家长控制工具的能力。另一游说团体NetChoice则指责法案用“政府指令取代家长判断”，并可能违宪，主张应通过提升数字素养和赋能家长来解决问题。

内部举报与行业现实
前Meta员工凯莉·斯通莱克的证词为监管必要性提供了内部视角。她透露，在其负责将虚拟现实软件“地平线世界”向青少年推广时，公司内部明确知晓许多儿童在无家长监管下违规使用产品并收集其数据，而管理层优先考虑的是公司利益而非儿童安全。斯通莱克认为她因提出担忧遭报复解雇，现已对Meta提起诉讼。她表示，正是这些经历让她坚信，必须通过立法来保护儿童，因为“这些公司不会主动这样做”。

立法前景与全国性挑战
目前，华盛顿州参议院已通过法案版本，但在众议院因宪法及隐私争议受阻。类似立法在全美多州面临法律挑战，科技公司已对加州法案提起诉讼。华盛顿州助理检察长肖恩·科尔甘为法案辩护，称其并未限制青少年接触言论的自由，只是改变了信息被“以成瘾方式喂养”给他们的模式。

随着辩论持续，如何平衡未成年人保护、家长权利、企业创新与宪法权利，已成为华盛顿州乃至全美亟待解决的关键社会议题。

中文翻译：

本文首发于《华盛顿州标准报》。

艾弗里·平有个特长——他能察觉房间里谁今天心情不好，并主动上前关心。他想成为一名精神科医生。

但他的父亲亚伦说，这位奥林匹亚市的少年沉迷于屏幕。艾弗里自己想摆脱手机，亚伦也坚决要限制他的屏幕使用时间。

"对于发育中的青少年大脑来说，这相当于在训练大脑养成冲动行为，"亚伦·平说，"多巴胺奖励机制对发育中的心智危害极大。"

亚伦·平认为，正是这种影响导致艾弗里在2024年底通过Snapchat寻找致幻毒品MDMA，最终用药过量身亡，年仅16岁。

如今，他的父亲正积极推动华盛顿州出台一项措施，为儿童建立网络保护屏障。

众议院第1834号法案旨在通过多种方式保护青少年。

该法案将禁止Instagram、YouTube和TikTok等公司向未成年人提供"成瘾性信息流"。青少年用户仍可使用这些平台搜索特定内容、关注感兴趣的用户。

根据法案，未经家长同意，企业不得在夜间或学校时段向未成年人发送推送通知。

"这是我们必须迈出的第一步，之后才能开始构建安全的网络环境，"平在接受采访时表示。

去年，参议院在获得部分两党支持后通过了该法案的参院版本，但法案因合宪性与隐私担忧在众议院搁浅。此项法案应州总检察长尼克·布朗的要求提出，去年还得到了州长鲍勃·弗格森的支持。

弗格森在担任总检察长期间，曾起诉TikTok和Meta平台试图吸引青少年用户并使其上瘾。这两起诉讼目前仍在进行中。

包括前科技公司高管在内的立法者与倡导人士，今年正重新推动建立州级防护措施。

科技行业对此并不乐见。

西北地区TechNet执行董事罗丝·费利西亚诺在声明中表示，该组织"及其成员公司致力于为青少年提供安全、适龄的网络体验"。

"但我们担忧当前草案会限制企业提供全面家长监控功能的能力，而这些功能对保护儿童安全至关重要，"费利西亚诺说。她领导的机构由两党科技高管网络组成，同时她也提出了合宪性质疑。TechNet成员包括亚马逊、苹果、Netflix、Meta和谷歌。

科技游说团体NetChoice周四在致立法者的信函中称，此事应交由家长决定，此类立法是"用政府指令取代家长判断"。该团体政府事务副总裁艾米·博斯辩称，拟议法规违反美国宪法第一修正案。NetChoice主张应侧重数字素养教育，协助家长引导子女上网来解决问题。

儿童联盟执行董事索莱伊·博伊德表示，倡导者们已努力确保立法"经得起法律检验且能真正发挥作用"。

"这些算法专门针对青少年和儿童，确保他们尽可能长时间停留在线上，"博伊德说，"绝大多数家长根本无力对抗这种机制。"

内部视角

凯莉·斯通莱克曾在Meta工作近15年，期间负责领导公司虚拟现实软件"地平线世界"向儿童和青少年群体的扩展。

斯通莱克职业生涯大半时间（她亦曾在苹果工作）坚信公司会善待消费者。她原本反对过度监管。

但她透露，在Meta内部这是个公开的秘密：儿童未经家长监督使用本不被允许的"地平线世界"，意味着公司违反联邦法律收集儿童数据。她说公司唯一关心的是问题如何影响企业，而非年轻用户。

"高管团队曾进入产品进行测试体验以便更好理解，但孩子们的尖叫声大到我们连彼此说话都听不清，"斯通莱克说。

居住在诺曼底公园的斯通莱克认为，自己因提出担忧遭Meta解雇报复。她正以涉嫌报复和性别歧视为由起诉这家科技巨头。（Meta未回应置评请求）

如今她热情投身于推动华盛顿州此类法案的工作，称其为"保护儿童所必需的常识性监管"。

"因为我亲眼见过这些公司不会主动作为，"斯通莱克说。

2023年，华盛顿州约70%的十年级学生表示每天多次使用社交媒体。这些学生往往成绩更差。

近半数十年级学生面临"问题性网络使用"风险，可能导致危险或冲动行为并引发恶果。这些学生的睡眠时间往往少于同龄人。8%的学生表示因网络使用导致社交焦虑加剧。

"如果我们能从源头干预、防患于未然，这项法案正是如此，"法案发起人、伊萨夸市民主党众议员丽莎·卡兰表示，"我们要从根源预防焦虑和抑郁的发生。"

2023年，美国卫生部长建议政策制定者限制青少年使用社交媒体，以保障其安全并加强网络隐私保护。

奥林匹亚市审议的另一项法案要求16岁及以下青少年创建社交媒体账户需经家长同意，以此加强网络保护。去年，民主党立法者还提议对社交媒体公司征收新税，为青少年行为健康护理提供资金。

法律现状

多个州已颁布相关立法，但此类法律面临司法挑战。

华盛顿州的法案借鉴了加州禁止成瘾性信息流的立法模式，该州法律经受住了司法审查。去年，美国第九巡回上诉法院维持了加州法律中未成年人访问成瘾性信息流需家长同意的规定。Meta、谷歌和TikTok已起诉要求阻止该法实施。

NetChoice等科技团体认为，监管网络内容、限制未成年人信息流获取违反宪法。

专注于消费者保护的州助理检察长肖恩·科尔根辩称，华盛顿州法案未违反言论自由保护原则。

"它没有限制儿童获取言论，"科尔根周四向州参议院委员会表示，"儿童仍可接触言论，只是需要自行寻找，而非以成瘾方式被动接收。"

《华盛顿州标准报》隶属于"州新闻室"非营利新闻网络，该网络获得资助及捐赠联盟支持，是501c(3)公共慈善机构。《华盛顿州标准报》保持编辑独立性。如有疑问请联系主编比尔·露西亚：[email protected]。

英文来源：

This story first appeared in the Washington State Standard.
Avery Ping had a knack for noticing who in a room might be having a bad day and checking in on them. He wanted to be a psychiatrist.
But the Olympia teen was addicted to his screen, his father Aaron said. He wanted to get away from his phone, and Aaron was adamant about limiting his screen time.
“For a developing teenage brain, it’s going to be training that brain for impulsive behavior,” Aaron Ping said. “Dopamine reward schedules, it has a really harmful effect on the developing mind.”
Aaron Ping feels that effect is what led Avery to seek out the hallucinogenic drug MDMA on Snapchat in late 2024, leading to his overdose death. He was 16.
Now his father is pushing for a measure in Washington state to set up safeguards for children online.
House Bill 1834 aims to protect youth in multiple ways.
It would block companies like Instagram, YouTube and TikTok from providing “addictive feeds” to minors. Youth consumers would still have access to the platforms to search for specific content and follow users they’re interested in.
Under the bill, companies also couldn’t send push notifications to minors overnight or during school hours without parental consent
“It’s really the first step that has to happen before we can start to make it safe online,” Ping said in an interview.
The Senate passed its version of the legislation last year with some bipartisan support, but it stalled in the House amid constitutionality and privacy concerns. The bill comes at the request of state Attorney General Nick Brown. It also had Gov. Bob Ferguson’s support last year.
As attorney general, Ferguson sued TikTok and Meta over the platforms trying to reel in youth users and get them hooked. Both cases are ongoing.
Lawmakers and advocates, including former tech executives, are renewing their push for the state guardrails this year.
The tech industry isn’t happy.
Rose Feliciano, the executive director of TechNet in the Northwest, said in a statement that the organization “and its member companies are committed to providing safe, age-appropriate online experiences for young people.”
“But we are concerned that the bill, as currently drafted, would limit companies’ ability to offer the full range of parental controls needed to help keep children safe,” said Feliciano, whose organization is made up of a bipartisan network of tech executives. She also noted constitutionality concerns.
TechNet members include Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Meta and Google.
In a letter to lawmakers Thursday, the tech lobbying group NetChoice said the issue should be left to parents, and that legislation like this replaces “parental judgment with state diktat.”
Amy Bos, the group’s vice president of government affairs, argued the proposed regulations violate the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. NetChoice prefers focusing on digital literacy and helping parents guide their children’s internet use to address the problem.
Children’s Alliance Executive Director Soleil Boyd said advocates have worked hard to ensure the legislation is “legally defensible and really will make a difference.”
“You bring in these algorithms that really are targeting young people, children and kids to make sure that they stay online for as long as absolutely possible,” Boyd said. “It’s more than most parents can do to really fight and combat that.”
View from the inside
Kelly Stonelake worked at Meta for nearly 15 years, including leading the expansion of the company’s virtual reality software, Horizon Worlds, to kids and teenagers.
For much of her career, Stonelake, who also worked at Apple, believed that her company was going to do right by its consumers. She would’ve argued against overregulation.
But she said it was an open secret within Meta that with Horizon Worlds, children were using a product they weren’t allowed to without parental oversight, meaning the company was collecting their data in violation of federal law. The only concern was for how issues would affect the company, not the young users of the products, she said.
“The executive team got into the product to play test it and kind of understand it better ourselves, but we could not even hear one another over the sounds of screaming children,” Stonelake said.
Stonelake, who lives in Normandy Park, believes she was laid off from Meta in retaliation for raising concerns. She is suing the tech giant over the alleged retaliation and gender discrimination. (Meta didn’t respond to a request for comment.)
She’s now become passionate about working on bills like Washington’s, which she calls “common sense regulations that we need to protect kids.”
“Because I’ve seen firsthand that these companies won’t,” Stonelake said.
In 2023, about 70% of Washington 10th graders reported using social media several times a day. Those students were likely to have worse grades.
Nearly half of 10th graders were at risk of what is called “problematic internet use” that could be risky or impulsive and lead to bad consequences. Those students were likely to get less sleep than their peers. And 8% reported increased social anxiety due to internet use.
“If we can get way upstream and we can prevent it from happening in the first place, and this is exactly that,” said bill sponsor Rep. Lisa Callan, D-Issaquah. “Let’s prevent some anxiety and depression from happening in the first place.”
In 2023, the U.S. Surgeon General recommended policymakers limit social media access to keep youth safe and better protect their privacy online.
Another bill under consideration in Olympia looks to protect young people online by requiring kids age 16 and younger to get parental consent to make social media accounts. Last year, Democratic lawmakers proposed a new tax on social media companies to fund youth behavioral health care.
The legal state of play
A number of states have enacted legislation tackling this issue, but such laws have faced legal challenges.
Washington’s measure is modeled after a California ban on addictive feeds that has withstood court scrutiny. Last year, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the law’s requirement of parental consent for minors to access addictive feeds. Meta, Google and TikTok have since sued to block the California law.
Tech groups like NetChoice argue regulating internet content and restricting what feeds minors can have is unconstitutional.
Seann Colgan, a state assistant attorney general focused on consumer protection, argued the Washington bill doesn’t run afoul of freedom of speech protections.
“It doesn’t restrict kids’ access to speech,” Colgan told a state Senate panel Thursday. “Kids can still access the speech, they just need to look for it themselves instead of having it fed to them in an addictive manner.”
Washington State Standard is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Washington State Standard maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor Bill Lucia for questions: [email protected].