内容来源：https://www.engadget.com/science/space/spacexs-starshield-satellites-are-reportedly-transmitting-signals-on-unauthorized-frequencies-212939991.html?src=rss

内容总结：

据美国国家公共电台报道，太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）的"星盾"卫星系统涉嫌违反国际电信标准，使用未经授权的无线电频率向地面传输信号。这一发现由业余卫星追踪者斯科蒂·蒂利通过观测披露。

根据国际电信联盟规定，卫星通信中上下行传输需使用不同频段以避免信号干扰。但观测数据显示，"星盾"卫星正在占用本应用于地面向卫星传输的上行频段进行下行广播。专家指出，这种违规操作可能导致邻近卫星受到射频干扰，影响其对地面指令的接收与响应。

"星盾"是SpaceX为美国政府机构提供的保密卫星网络，据公开资料显示，其首个重要项目是2023年与美国太空军签订的7000万美元合同。近期还有报道称，该部门正为美国国防部国家侦察局建设间谍卫星网络。

目前尚不确定此类违规操作是否已引发实际通信故障，但国际电信联盟制定的频率使用标准旨在保障全球卫星通信秩序，任何偏离规范的行为都可能成为潜在干扰源。

中文翻译：

据披露，SpaceX公司的"星盾"卫星正在未经授权的频率上传输信号。尽管这家公司的国家安全网络属于机密，但其使用仍须遵循国际标准。美国国家公共电台报道称，SpaceX可能通过其"星盾"卫星在禁止使用的频率上向地球传输信号，此举涉嫌违反国际电信标准。根据该公司官网介绍，"星盾"是"星链"卫星网络的保密版本，通过合同形式向政府机构提供"以支持国家安全工作"。

该报道基于业余卫星追踪者斯科特·蒂利的发现。他观测到疑似"星盾"卫星正在占用通常专用于从地球向轨道卫星"上行"传输的频率段。这种使用方式违反了联合国下属机构国际电信联盟制定的标准，该机构负责协调全球无线电频谱的使用。

为规避干扰等技术问题，国际社会确立了卫星上下行传输的频率使用规范。蒂利向美国国家公共电台表示："邻近卫星可能因此受到射频干扰，导致其对地面指令响应异常甚至完全失效。"目前尚不清楚SpaceX违反规定的行为是否已引发卫星通信故障，但若出现问题，这很可能成为诱因。

SpaceX首个重大"星盾"项目是2023年与美国太空军签订的7000万美元合同。近期有报道称，该公司"星盾"部门受命为国防部国家侦察局构建间谍卫星网络，用于采集地球影像资料。

英文来源：

SpaceX's Starshield satellites are reportedly transmitting signals on unauthorized frequencies
The company's national security network, while secretive, still has to be used with international standards in mind.
SpaceX may be violating international telecommunication standards by allowing its Starshield satellites to transmit to Earth on frequencies it's not supposed to use, NPR reports. Starshield is a classified version of SpaceX's Starlink satellite network offered on contract to government agencies "to support national security efforts," according to the company's website.
The report is based on findings from amateur satellite tracker Scott Tilley, who observed what appeared to be Starshield satellites broadcasting on frequencies normally dedicated to "uplink" transmissions from the Earth to satellites in orbit. Using the frequencies that way violates standards set by the International Telecommunication Union, a United Nations agency dedicated to coordinating the use of radio spectrum across the world.
Standards around which frequencies are used for uplink and downlink broadcasts to satellites were created to avoid interference, among other technical issues. "Nearby satellites could receive radio-frequency interference and could perhaps not respond properly to commands — or ignore commands — from Earth," Tilley told NPR. It's not clear yet whether SpaceX ignoring these rules is causing any issues with satellite communication, but should problems arise, there's now a possible cause.
SpaceX's first major Starshield project was a $70 million contract with US Space Force in 2023. More recently in 2024, there were reports that SpaceX's Starshield division had been tasked with building out a network of spy satellites to gather imagery of Earth for the Department of Defense’s National Reconnaissance Office.