内容来源：https://lifehacker.com/tech/new-california-ai-chatbot-laws?utm_medium=RSS

内容总结：

美国加利福尼亚州近期通过一系列科技新规，对人工智能及社交媒体领域加强监管。根据州长加文·纽森签署的法案，自2027年1月1日起，该州人工智能交互系统须明确标识"非真人对话"，面向未成年人的聊天机器人需每三小时推送休息提醒，并严禁生成色情内容。针对心理健康风险，法案要求陪伴型AI设置防护机制，科技企业须上报涉及自残、自杀倾向的干预方案。

此次立法还涵盖多项技术规范：大型平台必须披露AI生成内容，摄像设备需配备信息验证功能，社交软件须定期向青少年发送心理健康风险提示。针对深度伪造色情内容传播，法案加重了平台方处罚力度，同时强制要求应用商店开发商落实用户年龄验证工具。

尽管这些法规仅适用于加州，但由于该州人口规模及科技产业影响力，相关标准预计将被全美科技企业普遍采纳。不过法律界人士指出，此类以"保护未成年人"为目标的立法，可能在儿童保护与成人权利保障之间产生潜在冲突，后续或将面临司法挑战。

中文翻译：

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本周，加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森签署了多项针对人工智能和社交媒体监管的新法规。其中SB 243法案要求聊天机器人必须"清晰明确"地提示其非真实人类身份，该法案将于2027年1月1日正式生效。

该法案还规定：与儿童互动的聊天机器人需每隔三小时提醒其休息；禁止面向未成年人的聊天机器人生成色情内容；伴侣型人工智能需为心理困扰者设置防护机制；企业必须上报处理自杀倾向与自残行为的具体方案。这位民主党州长在声明中强调："聊天机器人与社交媒体等新兴科技能激发灵感、传播知识、连接彼此，但若缺乏有效监管，技术也可能侵害儿童权益、传播误导信息、危及青少年安全。"

在纽森本周批准的技术立法组合中，SB 243仅是其中一环。《人工智能透明法案》（AB 853）要求大型平台披露AI生成内容，并规定在加州销售的摄像设备需具备信息验证嵌入功能。AB 56法案强制社交媒体平台定期向未成年人推送潜在心理健康风险警示。AB 621法案加重了对传播"深度伪造"色情内容平台的处罚力度。AB 1043法案则要求设备制造商（主要是苹果与谷歌）在应用商店部署用户年龄验证工具。

尽管纽森签署的法案仅适用于加州居民，但鉴于该州人口规模及科技影响力，大型科技公司预计将在全美范围自愿推行这些标准——加州的技术监管法规往往最终会成为全国范本。当然，这需以法律挑战未导致法案废止或重大修订为前提：正如多数"保护儿童"相关立法，这些新规同样面临儿童权益保护与成人权利保障之间的潜在冲突。

英文来源：

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This week, California governor Gavin Newsom signed a handful of new laws that regulate artificial intelligence and social media. Among them is SB 243, which requires that chatbots provide "clear and conspicuous" notice that they are not a real person. The law goes into effect on Jan. 1, 2027.
SB 243 also requires chatbots interacting with children to provide a reminder every three hours to take a break and prohibits chatbots used by minors from generating sexually explicit content. The law mandates that companion AIs have safeguards for people in mental distress, and requires companies to report how they handle situations involving suicidal ideation and self-harm.
“Emerging technology like chatbots and social media can inspire, educate and connect — but without real guardrails, technology can also exploit, mislead, and endanger our kids,” the Democratic governor said in a statement.
The rest of California's new AI and tech laws
SB 243 is just one piece of a broader package of tech-focused legislation Newsom approved this week. The AI transparency act (AB 853), requires large platforms to disclose when AI is used to generate content. It also requires that recording devices sold in California, such as cameras and video cameras, include the option to embed verifying information.
Another bill signed by Newsom, AB 56, requires social media platforms to add regularly timed warnings to minors of the potential mental health risks associated with the use of the apps. AB 621 strengthens penalties for companies whose platforms distribute "deepfake" pornography. And finally, AB 1043 requires that device makers (mostly Apple and Google) implement tools to verify user ages in their app stores.
As California goes, so go the rest of the states
While the laws governor Newsom signed only apply to California residents, big tech companies are expected to voluntarily implement the guidelines for the rest of the nation; the population of California is so large that state laws regulating technology there tend to be adopted everywhere.
This is assuming, of course, that legal challenges don't scuttle or significantly change the laws: like most legislation aimed at "protecting the children," there is a potential conflict between the protection of children and the protections of adults' rights.