内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2026/blue-origin-data-center-space-race-project-sunrise/

内容总结：

亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯旗下太空公司蓝色起源近日向美国联邦通信委员会提交申请，计划发射多达5.16万颗数据中心卫星进入近地轨道，标志着该公司正式加入日益激烈的太空数据中心竞赛。

该计划代号"日出计划"，将与蓝色起源此前公布的5408颗"太赫波"卫星星座形成互补。太赫波星座不仅可为日出计划卫星提供超高速连接，还能服务地面数据中心、大型企业和政府客户。

蓝色起源再次与埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX展开竞争。后者正在寻求批准部署规模达百万颗卫星的数据中心星座。华盛顿州雷德蒙德的Starcloud公司也计划部署数万颗卫星组建太空数据中心网络。

科技企业之所以对轨道数据中心兴趣浓厚，是因为这类网络能突破地面人工智能数据中心面临的供电和散热限制。贝索斯去年10月在意大利科技会议上表示，轨道数据中心将成为从地面产业向太空产业转型的"下一步"，并预测"未来二十年内太空数据中心的成本将低于地面设施"。

除上述三家企业外，谷歌、公理太空等公司也表现出参与意向。值得注意的是，太空数据中心竞赛与近地轨道卫星互联网服务属于不同赛道。目前SpaceX凭借超1万颗星链卫星主导着卫星互联网市场。

与此同时，贝索斯创立的亚马逊公司（独立于蓝色起源）正在为其近地轨道宽带网络部署卫星。虽然发射进度落后于原计划，但该公司已获准将星座规模扩大至7700颗以上，并计划年内启动商业服务。

根据蓝色起源提交的14页申请文件，日出计划卫星将部署在500至1800公里高度的圆形太阳同步轨道，采用三种不同类型天线以适应多样化覆盖需求，主要依靠激光链路传输数据，并通过太赫波等网状网络与地面站通信。

该公司同时申请豁免部分监管要求，包括部署半数卫星的六年期限限制，理由是卫星设计将最大限度减少对其他卫星的干扰。目前蓝色起源已开始招聘卫星工程师和数据中心市场销售总监等职位。

SpaceX迅速对蓝色起源的申请提出异议，要求监管机构采用亚马逊此前反对SpaceX申请时的同等标准进行审查。Starcloud首席执行官菲利普·约翰斯顿在社交媒体上评论此举是"史上最有趣的FCC申请回应之一"，同时明确表示不会卷入这场争端。

随着太空数据中心竞赛白热化，蓝色起源与亚马逊旗下云服务部门会形成协同效应还是竞争关系，仍有待观察。

中文翻译：

杰夫·贝佐斯旗下的蓝色起源太空公司正向美国联邦通信委员会申请授权，计划向近地轨道发射多达5.16万颗数据中心卫星，这标志着该公司正加入日益拥挤的太空竞赛。

这项名为"日出计划"的卫星星座项目，将与此前公布的5408颗"太赫波"卫星星座形成互补。"太赫波"星座不仅能为"日出计划"卫星提供超高速连接，还可服务于地面数据中心、大型企业和政府客户。

贝佐斯再次与埃隆·马斯克的太空探索技术公司展开竞争——后者正向联邦通信委员会申请部署多达百万颗数据中心卫星的星座计划。太空探索技术公司已对此作出反应。总部位于华盛顿州雷德蒙德的星云公司同样注意到这一动向，该公司正在规划需要数万颗卫星的数据中心网络。

科技公司对部署轨道数据中心的兴趣日益浓厚，因为这类网络能突破地面人工智能数据中心面临的供电和散热限制。去年10月，贝佐斯在意大利的一场科技会议上表示，轨道数据中心将成为从地面产业向太空产业转型的"下一步"。他预测："未来二十年内，我们将实现在太空运营数据中心的成本低于地面数据中心。"

参与这场数据中心太空竞赛的企业远不止蓝色起源、太空探索技术和星云公司。其他已表示兴趣的机构包括谷歌、公理太空、以太通量和索菲亚太空公司。

轨道数据中心的建设发射竞赛，与通过近地轨道卫星提供高速互联网服务的竞争属于不同赛道。目前太空探索技术公司凭借星链星座逾万颗卫星，在互联网卫星市场占据主导地位。

与此同时，由贝佐斯创立但独立于私营企业蓝色起源的亚马逊公司，正在为其"亚马逊近地轨道宽带网络"发射卫星。虽然卫星部署进度落后于计划并已向联邦通信委员会申请延期，但该公司表示今年仍将按计划扩大商业服务规模。上月，联邦通信委员会已批准亚马逊将近地轨道星座规模扩展至7700余颗卫星。

亚马逊曾强调近地轨道网络将与亚马逊云服务的云计算和人工智能产品形成协同效应。目前尚不清楚这种协同效应是否会延伸至"太赫波"和"日出计划"，也不确定蓝色起源是否会与亚马逊及其云服务部门形成竞争关系。

在提交给联邦通信委员会的14页申请文件中，蓝色起源表示"日出计划"卫星将部署在500至1800公里高度的圆形太阳同步轨道。这些卫星将按三种不同类型的天线分组建造，以满足多样化覆盖需求，主要通过激光链路传输数据，并经由"太赫波"及其他网状网络与地面站通信。

蓝色起源正在申请豁免部分监管要求，例如处理周期规定以及六年内部署半数"日出计划"卫星的期限。该公司解释称，由于其卫星设计能最大限度减少对其他卫星的干扰，此类要求理应获得豁免。

蓝色起源已开始招聘卫星工程师等专业人才，其中包括数据中心市场的商业销售总监职位。

太空探索技术公司迅速对蓝色起源的申请提出异议。该公司在声明中表示："鉴于亚马逊曾提交请愿书反对我方轨道数据中心申请，现要求委员会将亚马逊请愿书中的实质性和程序性论证同等适用于蓝色起源的申请，以确保两项申请获得公平一致的审查对待。"

星云公司首席执行官菲利普·约翰斯顿在社交媒体平台X上评论太空探索技术公司的文件时，称其为"联邦通信委员会史上最有趣的回应之一"。他解释道："背景是亚马逊曾反对太空探索技术公司的申请，而现在由杰夫·贝佐斯实质控制的蓝色起源提交了与太空探索技术公司完全相同的申请。"

当被问及星云公司是否会介入这场争议时，约翰斯顿明确表示："我们选择置身事外！"

英文来源：

Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin space venture is asking the Federal Communications Commission for authority to send up to 51,600 data center satellites into low Earth orbit, signaling its entry into an increasingly crowded space race.
The proposed constellation, dubbed Project Sunrise, would complement Blue Origin’s previously announced plans for a 5,408-satellite TeraWave constellation. TeraWave would provide ultra-high-speed connectivity for Project Sunrise’s satellites — and for terrestrial data centers, large-scale enterprises and government customers as well.
Once again, Bezos is competing with Elon Musk’s SpaceX, which is seeking the FCC’s approval for a constellation of data centers that could amount to a million satellites. And SpaceX has already taken notice. So has Redmond, Wash.-based Starcloud, which is working on its own plans for a data center network that could call for tens of thousands of satellites.
Tech companies are becoming increasingly interested in fielding orbital data centers because such networks could bypass the power and cooling constraints facing Earth-based AI data centers. Last October, Bezos said at a tech conference in Italy that orbital data centers would be the “next step” in a transition from Earth-based to space-based industry. “We will be able to beat the cost of terrestrial data centers in space in the next couple of decades,” he said.
Blue Origin, SpaceX and Starcloud aren’t the only companies involved in the data center space race. Other ventures that have expressed interest include Google, Axiom Space, Aetherflux and Sophia Space.
The competition to build and launch orbital data centers is distinct from the competition to provide high-speed internet access via satellites in low Earth orbit. SpaceX, which now has more than 10,000 satellites in its Starlink constellation, currently dominates that market.
Meanwhile, Amazon — which was founded by Bezos but is separate from privately held Blue Origin — is sending up satellites for its Amazon Leo broadband network (formerly known as Project Kuiper). Amazon is behind schedule on satellite deployment and has asked the FCC for a deadline extension, but the company says it’s still on track to ramp up commercial service this year. Last month, the FCC gave the go-ahead for Amazon to expand the Leo constellation to more than 7,700 satellites.
In the past, Amazon has highlighted the synergies that Leo will have with Amazon Web Services’ cloud and AI offerings. It’s not yet clear whether those synergies might extend to TeraWave and Project Sunrise, or whether Blue Origin might actually compete with Amazon and AWS.
In its 14-page application to the FCC, Blue Origin says Project Sunrise’s satellites would operate in circular, sun-synchronous orbits ranging from 500 to 1,800 kilometers (310 to 1,120 miles) in altitude. The satellites would be built in groupings with three different types of antennas to reflect a variety of coverage requirements. They’d transmit data primarily through laser links, and route traffic through TeraWave and other mesh networks to communicate with ground stations.
Blue Origin is seeking waivers from some regulatory requirements — for example, the requirement for a processing round and a six-year deadline for deploying half of Project Sunrise’s satellites. The company says such requirements could be waived because its satellites will be designed to minimize interference with other satellites.
Blue Origin has been listing job openings for satellite engineers and other positions for people with relevant expertise, including a director of commercial sales for data center markets.
It didn’t take long for SpaceX to file an objection to Blue Origin’s application.
“SpaceX submits for the record Amazon’s petition to deny SpaceX’s orbital data center application and requests that the commission apply the substantive and procedural arguments in Amazon’s petition to Blue Origin’s application to facilitate equitable and consistent review and treatment across both applications,” the company said.
Starcloud CEO Philip Johnston took note of SpaceX’s filing in a post to X, calling it “one of the funniest responses to an FCC filing of all time.”
“For background, Amazon opposed SpaceX’s filing, and then Blue Origin (both effectively controlled by Jeff Bezos) filed the exact same thing as SpaceX,” he wrote.
So, will Starcloud get involved in the dispute? “We’re staying out of it!” Johnston said.