内容来源：https://www.geekwire.com/2026/the-tesla-exemption-no-more-rivian-and-lucid-break-through-washington-states-dealership-wall/

内容总结：

华盛顿州将于明年年初迎来电动汽车销售模式的重大变革。根据本周州议会通过的参议院第6354号法案，新兴电动汽车制造商Rivian和Lucid将获得与特斯拉同等的直销权限，消费者可直接在品牌展厅完成试驾、购车及金融手续。该法案以压倒性支持率获得通过，预计将获州长签署生效。

非营利组织"气候解决方案"华盛顿立法主任莱亚·米西克指出，此举是"提升电动汽车普及率的重要一步"。此前华盛顿州自2014年起仅允许特斯拉采用直销模式，Rivian和Lucid客户需跨州或在线购车。此次立法突破源于Rivian发起全民公投的推动，最终通过立法协商达成妥协方案。

法案核心条款包括：将车辆产权登记费从15美元提至40美元（持续至2036年），新增资金专项用于支持低收入及环境脆弱群体的电动车购置，以及公共交通改善项目；同时设立每车1万美元的罚则，防止未授权车企违规直销。

尽管汽车经销商曾以"维修服务可及性降低""削弱市场竞争"为由反对，但今年态度转变。拥有13家特许经销店的格雷格·莱尔顿称最终方案为"公平妥协"。法案严格限定了直销资质，将多数新兴车企排除在外，这引发本田、福特等传统制造商及行业协会的反对。

华盛顿州正多措并举推进交通零排放转型，包括追随加州2035年禁售燃油新车计划。米西克强调："扩大电动车直销权限是我们应对气候污染的重要工具之一。"目前俄勒冈、加州等州已全面开放电动车直销，而联邦层面电动车税收抵免政策调整与加州环保标准争议，为各州电动化进程增添变数。

中文翻译：

从明年年初开始，华盛顿州的消费者将首次能够参观Rivian和Lucid Motors的展厅，进行试驾，讨论融资方案，并直接开走全新的电动汽车。本周，州立法者通过了参议院第6354号法案，允许这两家电动汽车制造商效仿特斯拉，绕过销售其他品牌汽车的经销商，直接向消费者销售车辆。该法案在参众两院以压倒性优势获得通过，支持者相信州长鲍勃·弗格森将签署这项法案。

非营利组织"气候解决方案"的华盛顿州立法事务主任莉亚·米西克表示："这项法案是让电动汽车在华盛顿州更普及的重要一步。"Rivian和Lucid曾多次尝试争取这种直销模式，但过去经销商们极力游说反对扩大直销豁免范围。他们辩称，制造商门店数量可能有限且多位于城市区域，不利于维修和召回服务。反对者还认为，直销模式消除了汽车经销商之间的竞争。

当Rivian近期启动程序，试图将此事交由11月选民公投决定时，形势发生了变化。这项公投倡议承诺筹集超过2000万美元资金，目前已获得近470万美元的捐款。与公投途径不同，立法程序让经销商在制定最终规则时拥有正式发言权，结果也体现了这一点：该法案严格限制了豁免范围，阻止规模较小和新兴的汽车制造商进行直销。华盛顿州的经销商今年作证支持SB 6354法案，拥有13家特许经销店的格雷格·雷尔顿称其为"公平的妥协"。

然而，包括本田、福特、通用汽车及全国汽车制造商贸易协会在内的制造商们则反对该法案。该立法的其他关键条款包括：对未经批准进行直销的制造商每销售或租赁一辆汽车处以1万美元罚款；在2036年前将车辆所有权证书费从15美元提高至40美元，额外资金专门用于支持低收入和受环境影响人群购买/租赁电动汽车，以及用于公共交通和行人倡议项目。

俄勒冈州、加利福尼亚州和许多其他州已允许所有电动汽车制造商进行直销，而华盛顿州立法者早在2014年就单独授予了特斯拉直销豁免权。此前，Rivian和Lucid的消费者不得不从外州或在线购买车辆。华盛顿州的领导人正在寻找促进电动汽车销售的其他策略。该州是跟随加州要求到2035年所有销售的新车实现零碳排放的州之一。这是一个雄心勃勃的目标，特朗普政府曾挑战这些努力，削减电动汽车税收抵免，并试图取消加州更严格的污染法规。

米西克表示，该州需要"利用一切可用手段来减少气候污染"，而"扩大电动汽车制造商的直销范围正是其中之一"。

英文来源：

At the start of next year, Washington state shoppers will for the first time be able to visit showrooms for Rivian and Lucid Motors, take a test drive, discuss financing, and walk out with keys to their new electric vehicle.
State lawmakers this week passed Senate Bill 6354, allowing the two EV makers to join Tesla in selling their vehicles directly to consumers, bypassing auto dealers that sell every other make of car. SB 6354 passed with overwhelming support in the Senate and House, and proponents are confident Gov. Bob Ferguson will sign the measure.
“This bill is a big step forward in making EVs more accessible in Washington,” said Leah Missik, Washington legislative director for the nonprofit Climate Solutions.
Rivian and Lucid have repeatedly tried to win this path to EV sales, but dealerships in the past have lobbied hard against expanding the exemption. They said manufacturers’ stores are more likely to be limited in number and located in urban settings, offering less access to repairs and recall fixes. The direct sales route eliminates the competition between auto dealerships, opponents argued.
The dynamic shifted when Rivian recently launched an effort to put the issue before voters in November. The initiative campaign pledged to raise more than $20 million and had contributions of nearly $4.7 million so far.
Unlike the ballot route, the legislative process gave dealers a formal role in shaping the final rules and the result shows it: The bill narrowly limits the exemption and blocks smaller and emerging automakers from direct sales. Washington dealers this year testified in favor of SB 6354, with Greg Rairdon, whose family owns 13 franchise dealerships, calling it a “fair compromise.”
Manufacturers, however, including Honda, Ford, General Motors and a national automaker trade association argued against the bill.
The legislation’s other key features:

• Creates a $10,000 penalty for each vehicle sales or lease by manufacturers not approved for direct sales.
• Increases vehicle title fees from $15 to $40 through 2036, with the extra funds earmarked for support of EV purchase/lease by low-income and environmentally impacted populations, and for transit and pedestrian initiatives.
  Oregon, California and many other states already allow all EV manufacturers to offer direct sales, while Washington lawmakers gave Tesla alone a direct sales exemption in 2014. Rivian and Lucid shoppers have had to purchase the cars out of state or online.
  Washington’s leaders are looking for additional strategies to boost EV sales. The state is among those that joined California in requiring all new vehicles sold to be zero-carbon emissions by 2035. It’s an ambitious target and the Trump administration has challenged these efforts, cutting EV tax credits and working to nix California’s stronger pollution rules.
  The state needs “to use every tool in our toolbox to cut climate pollution,” Missik said. “And expanding direct sales for EV manufacturers is one of them.”