内容来源：https://www.theverge.com/policy/886632/pentagon-designates-anthropic-supply-chain-risk-ai-standoff

内容总结：

【国防部将人工智能公司Anthropic列为供应链风险 双方对峙升级或诉诸法庭】

美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯于近日宣布，将人工智能公司Anthropic正式列为“供应链风险”。此举意味着任何与Anthropic存在商业往来的企业将无法与美国国防部开展合作。该公司随即发表声明称此决定缺乏法律依据，并表示将诉诸法律途径进行挑战。

这一决定的背景是双方为期一周的紧张谈判破裂。国防部要求Anthropic同意其Claude人工智能模型可用于包括“全自主致命武器”和“大规模监控”在内的“所有合法军事用途”，并设定了最后期限。Anthropic拒绝了这一要求，坚持其禁止将AI用于无监督致命武器和大规模监控的伦理准则。

赫格塞斯部长在声明中严厉指责Anthropic“傲慢与背叛”，称其试图以“有效利他主义”为名挟制美军，将硅谷意识形态置于美国军人生命之上。他同时将禁令范围扩大至所有与Anthropic有商业活动的国防承包商，并给出了六个月的业务剥离过渡期。

Anthropic在回应中反驳称，国防部长并无法律权限发布如此广泛的禁令，该 designation（指定）即便成立，也应仅限用于国防部合同内的Claude使用场景，不应波及承包商的其他商业活动。该公司强调，作为首家在美国政府机密网络部署模型的尖端AI公司，始终支持美军，但不会在核心伦理立场上妥协。

此事件预计将立即影响包括Palantir和AWS在内的多家为国防部提供技术服务的大型科技公司。分析指出，此次对峙标志着美国政府与AI科技企业在技术军事化应用伦理上的矛盾公开化，其法律争议与行业影响可能持续发酵。

中文翻译：

在唐纳德·特朗普总统于Truth Social平台宣布禁止联邦政府使用Anthropic产品近两小时后，国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯进一步升级举措，宣布将这家AI公司列为"供应链风险"——Anthropic表示已准备就此诉诸法律。

国防部长将Anthropic列为供应链风险
Anthropic声明将通过法律途径质疑该认定
Anthropic声明将通过法律途径质疑该认定

此项决定可能立即影响众多为五角大楼工作中使用Claude模型的主要科技公司，包括Palantir和AWS。目前尚不明确国防部会将与Claude在非国家安全领域合作的企业列入黑名单至何种程度。Anthropic已作出回应，声称该认定仅针对国防部合同工作中使用其Claude AI的情况。

经过一周关于公司可接受使用政策的紧张谈判，五角大楼向Anthropic发出最后通牒：须于美东时间周五下午5:30前同意国防部将Claude用于"所有合法用途"，包括无需人工监管的自主致命武器和大规模监控，否则将被列为供应链风险。该认定通常适用于与美国存在国家安全风险的外国政府有关联的企业，将禁止任何使用Anthropic产品的公司与国防部合作。

赫格塞斯在美东时间下午5点刚过发布的推文中，将该认定范围扩大至"与Anthropic存在任何商业往来"的企业，并重申特朗普的指令：相关企业需在六个月内剥离Anthropic产品。

"我们的立场从未也绝不会动摇：战争部必须为捍卫共和国之所有合法目的，拥有对Anthropic模型的完全、无限制访问权，"他写道，"然而@AnthropicAI及其CEO@DarioAmodei却选择了欺瞒。披着'有效利他主义'的伪善外衣，他们试图胁迫美国军方屈服——这种将硅谷意识形态置于美国人民生命之上的企业道德表演，实属懦夫行径。"

作为国防部长，赫格塞斯有权自行裁定将企业列为"供应链风险"。但该决定是在五角大楼多次试图迫使Anthropic允许其随意使用Claude模型后作出的，包括曾威胁动用《国防生产法》。

Anthropic于周五晚间同时回应国防部与白宫，在博客声明中表示未收到任何机构关于谈判进展的直接沟通。据Anthropic称，尽管赫格塞斯的推文暗示广泛禁令，但公司正告知客户："部长并无法律授权支持此项声明。"

该公司主张该认定仅适用于"战争部合同中使用Claude的情况——不影响承包商使用Claude服务其他客户"，且仅与Anthropic存在合同关系并不构成影响。

针对此项认定及赫格塞斯推动的国防部政策，Anthropic表示愿通过法律程序解决：

将Anthropic列为供应链风险将是史无前例之举——历来仅针对美国敌对国家，从未公开适用于美国企业。我们对事态发展深表遗憾。作为首个在美国政府机密网络部署模型的尖端AI公司，Anthropic自2024年6月以来始终支持美国作战人员，并完全有意持续合作。

我们相信此项认定既缺乏法律依据，也将为所有与政府谈判的美国企业开创危险先例。

战争部的任何恐吓或惩罚都不会改变我们反对大规模国内监控及全自主武器的立场。我们将在法庭上质疑任何供应链风险认定。

国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯声明：
本周，Anthropic上演了傲慢与背叛的"大师课"，成为与美国政府及五角大楼合作的典型反面教材。

我们的立场从未也绝不会动摇：战争部必须为捍卫共和国之所有合法目的，拥有对Anthropic模型的完全、无限制访问权。

然而@AnthropicAI及其CEO@DarioAmodei却选择了欺瞒。披着"有效利他主义"的伪善外衣，他们试图胁迫美国军方屈服——这种将硅谷意识形态置于美国人民生命之上的企业道德表演，实属懦夫行径。

Anthropic缺陷利他主义的服务条款，永远无法凌驾于战场美军的安全、战备或生命之上。

他们的真实目的昭然若揭：攫取对美国军事行动决策的否决权。这绝不可接受。

正如特朗普总统在Truth Social所言，唯有总司令和美国人民能决定我们武装力量的命运，而非未经选举的科技高管。

Anthropic的立场从根本上违背美国原则。因此他们与美国武装力量及联邦政府的关系已发生永久性改变。

遵照总统关于联邦政府停用Anthropic技术的指令，我命令战争部将Anthropic列为国家安全供应链风险。立即生效：任何与美军合作的承包商、供应商或伙伴均不得与Anthropic进行商业往来。Anthropic将继续为战争部提供服务不超过六个月，以确保平稳过渡至更优质、更具爱国精神的服务。

美国作战人员绝不会被科技巨头的意识形态绑架。此决定为最终裁定。

2月27日更新： 补充Anthropic回应内容。

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英文来源：

Nearly two hours after President Donald Trump announced on Truth Social that he was banning Anthropic products from the federal government, Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth took it one step further and announced that he was now designating the AI company as a “supply-chain risk,” which Anthropic says it is willing to challenge in court.
Defense secretary Pete Hegseth designates Anthropic a supply chain risk
Anthropic says it will challenge the designation in court.
Anthropic says it will challenge the designation in court.
The decision could immediately impact numerous major tech companies that use Claude in their line of work for the Pentagon, including Palantir and AWS. It is not immediately clear to what extent the Pentagon may blacklist companies that contract with Claude for other services outside of national security, Anthropic has responded, claiming the designation applies only to the use of its Claude AI on Department of Defense contract work specifically.
After a week of tense negotiations over the company’s acceptable use policies, the Pentagon gave Anthropic an ultimatum: agree by Friday, 5:30 PM EST, to let the Pentagon use Claude for “all legal purposes,” including for autonomous lethal weapons without human oversight and mass surveillance, or be designated a supply-chain risk. The designation, which is typically used for companies with ties to foreign governments that pose national security risks to the United States, will bar any company that uses Anthropic products from working with the Department of Defense.
In his tweet posted just after 5PM ET, Hegseth broadened the designation to encompass companies doing “any commercial activity with Anthropic,” reiterating Trump’s mandate that companies had six months to divest themselves from Anthropic products.
“Our position has never wavered and will never waver: the Department of War must have full, unrestricted access to Anthropic’s models for every LAWFUL purpose in defense of the Republic,” he wrote. “Instead, @AnthropicAI and its CEO @DarioAmodei have chosen duplicity. Cloaked in the sanctimonious rhetoric of ‘effective altruism,’ they have attempted to strong-arm the United States military into submission - a cowardly act of corporate virtue-signaling that places Silicon Valley ideology above American lives.”
Hegseth, as Secretary of Defense, has the ability to label a company a “supply-chain risk” at his own discretion. But the decision comes after the Pentagon made several other attempts to compel Anthropic to let them use Claude as they wished, including the threat to invoke the Defense Production Act.
Anthropic responded to both the Department of Defense and the White House on Friday evening, saying in a blog post that it had not received direct communication from either organization about the status of their negotiations. According to Anthropic, despite what Hegseth’s tweet implied, it is telling customers that “The Secretary does not have the statutory authority to back up this statement.”
The company argues that the designation can only apply “to the use of Claude as part of Department of War contracts—it cannot affect how contractors use Claude to serve other customers,” and that merely having a contract with Anthropic is irrelevant.
As far as the designation itself and the DoD policy pushed by Hegseth, Anthropic says it’s willing to go to court to settle the matter:
Designating Anthropic as a supply chain risk would be an unprecedented action—one historically reserved for US adversaries, never before publicly applied to an American company. We are deeply saddened by these developments. As the first frontier AI company to deploy models in the US government’s classified networks, Anthropic has supported American warfighters since June 2024 and has every intention of continuing to do so.
We believe this designation would both be legally unsound and set a dangerous precedent for any American company that negotiates with the government.
No amount of intimidation or punishment from the Department of War will change our position on mass domestic surveillance or fully autonomous weapons. We will challenge any supply chain risk designation in court.
Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth:
This week, Anthropic delivered a master class in arrogance and betrayal as well as a textbook case of how not to do business with the United States Government or the Pentagon.
Our position has never wavered and will never waver: the Department of War must have full, unrestricted access to Anthropic’s models for every LAWFUL purpose in defense of the Republic.
Instead, @AnthropicAI and its CEO @DarioAmodei, have chosen duplicity. Cloaked in the sanctimonious rhetoric of “effective altruism,” they have attempted to strong-arm the United States military into submission - a cowardly act of corporate virtue-signaling that places Silicon Valley ideology above American lives.
The Terms of Service of Anthropic’s defective altruism will never outweigh the safety, the readiness, or the lives of American troops on the battlefield.
Their true objective is unmistakable: to seize veto power over the operational decisions of the United States military. That is unacceptable.
As President Trump stated on Truth Social, the Commander-in-Chief and the American people alone will determine the destiny of our armed forces, not unelected tech executives.
Anthropic’s stance is fundamentally incompatible with American principles. Their relationship with the United States Armed Forces and the Federal Government has therefore been permanently altered.
In conjunction with the President’s directive for the Federal Government to cease all use of Anthropic’s technology, I am directing the Department of War to designate Anthropic a Supply-Chain Risk to National Security. Effective immediately, no contractor, supplier, or partner that does business with the United States military may conduct any commercial activity with Anthropic. Anthropic will continue to provide the Department of War its services for a period of no more than six months to allow for a seamless transition to a better and more patriotic service.
America’s warfighters will never be held hostage by the ideological whims of Big Tech. This decision is final.
Update, February 27th: Added response from Anthropic.
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