SpaceX星舰首次成功部署载荷
内容总结：
SpaceX"星舰"首次成功部署载荷 第十次试飞实现关键突破
美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）于近日成功完成"星舰"集成系统的第十次试飞任务。本次飞行首次实现载荷部署的突破性进展，标志着该超重型运载系统向全面可重复使用目标迈出重要一步。
此次试飞原定于更早时间进行，但因天气等因素多次推迟。与以往数次测试不同的是，"星舰"及其超重型助推器在飞行过程中未发生爆炸事故，成功完成预定实验目标。值得关注的是，此次飞行首次成功将8颗模拟星链卫星部署至预定轨道，解决了第九次试飞未能实现载荷部署的技术难题。
据悉，SpaceX针对此前测试中发现的问题对飞船和助推器进行了多项技术改进。在返回阶段，助推器成功完成发动机配置调整和翻转等实验动作，最终受控坠入印度洋。飞船主体在完成载荷部署任务后，重新点燃发动机进行额外测试，随后同样按计划坠入印度洋。
SpaceX直播主持人丹·休特在任务成功后表示："祝贺团队，我们等待这一刻已经一年。"此言折射出该公司经历多次挫折后终于获得阶段性成功的复杂心绪。分析人士指出，要实现火箭完全可重复使用的最终目标，SpaceX仍需攻克飞船回收等关键技术难题。
中文翻译：
SpaceX星舰首次成功部署载荷。该航天器在第十次试飞中搭载了八颗模拟星链卫星。
由于天气等原因数次推迟后，SpaceX终于在第十次测试中成功发射星舰。本次测试中，航天器及其助推器未发生爆炸，公司得以达成所有测试目标，其中包括首次实现星舰载荷部署。回顾此前测试：第七次和第八次试飞中，星舰在上升阶段爆炸；第九次测试虽进入太空，但未能部署模拟卫星载荷；今年6月，为第十次试飞做准备的星舰还曾发生地面爆炸事故。
地面爆炸后，公司启用名为"飞船"的新上面级执行第十次飞行任务，并基于前期测试经验对飞船及其超重型助推器进行了技术改进。本次测试中，SpaceX针对助推器开展了多项实验，包括在返回过程中进行翻转测试和发动机配置调试。鉴于实验性质，SpaceX未使用发射塔的机械臂捕捉助推器，而是控制其降落在印度洋区域——助推器在接触海面时发生爆炸。
与此同时，飞船上面级继续飞向太空。发射约20分钟后，上面级开始向太空弹射八颗模拟星链卫星，随后在飞行中重新点燃其中一台发动机进行额外测试。此后飞船开始返回地球，于发射一小时后同样溅落印度洋。SpaceX直播解说员丹·休特表示："祝贺全体团队成员——我们等待这一刻已有一年之久"，暗示公司历经较长时间才获得此次成功测试。目前SpaceX仍面临诸多挑战，其中包括实现航天器上面级回收这一确保星舰完全可重复使用的关键技术难题。
英文来源：
SpaceX's Starship deploys its payload for the first time
The vehicle was carrying eight dummy Starlink satellites for its 10th flight test.
SpaceX has successfully launched the Starship for its 10th test flight after it was delayed a couple of times due to weather conditions and other issues. This time, the company was able to achieve its objectives without the vehicle and its booster exploding mid-test. One of those objectives was deploying Starship's payload for the first time ever. If you'll recall, Starship exploded during its ascent stage in the company's seventh and eighth test flights. The vehicle made it to space for its ninth test, but it failed to deploy its fake satellite payload. In June, a Starship vehicle exploded on the ground while the company was preparing it for its 10th flight test.
The company had to use another upper stage, called Ship, for the 10th flight after that explosion. It also incorporated changes into the Ship and its Super Heavy booster, based on what it learned from those previous attempts. For this test, SpaceX intended to conduct several experiments with the booster, such as flipping it and playing with engine configurations as it made its way back down. Due to the experimental nature of this test, SpaceX didn't try to catch it with the launch tower's chopstick arms. Instead, it made a controlled descent into the Indian Ocean, where it exploded upon making contact with the water.
Meanwhile, Ship continued flying into space. Around 20 minutes after launch, the upper stage started ejecting eight dummy Starlink satellites into space, before re-lighting one of its engines in flight as part of another test. After that, Ship started making its way back to Earth, where it also splashed down into the Indian Ocean a bit over an hour after launch. "Congratulations to all of our teammates here at SpaceX — it’s been a year," SpaceX’s Dan Huot said during the livestream, likely pointing out that it's been a while since the company has had a good test flight. Of course, SpaceX still has a long way to go, including having to figure out how to retrieve the vehicle's upper stage after a flight in order for the Starship to be fully reusable.