内容来源：https://lifehacker.com/use-the-method-of-loci-to-remember-anything?utm_medium=RSS

内容总结：

【生活技巧】掌握“位置记忆法”：古老记忆术助你高效备考演讲

你是否曾在备考或准备演讲时为记忆大量信息而苦恼？一种源自古希腊的“位置记忆法”（method of loci）正被当代脑科学验证其有效性。这种通过空间联想强化记忆的技巧，不仅适用于轻度认知障碍人群的康复训练，更能帮助普通人在考试、演讲等场景中提升记忆效率。

该方法的核心在于利用熟悉场景进行视觉化记忆。具体操作可分为三步：首先选择一条常走的街道或童年住所等烙印于心的场景；随后将待记事项转化为图像，依次“放置”在场景的特定位置；需要回忆时，只需在脑海中重走这条路线，便能按图索骥提取信息。

值得注意的是，该方法在实战应用中具有独特技巧。若要在考场发挥效果，建议提前考察现场环境，将知识点与教室内的固定物件（如讲台、门窗）建立关联。研究发现，人脑对图像的记忆效率远高于文字，通过将抽象信息转化为空间意象，可激活更广泛的脑区协作。

专家解释，这种记忆术的本质属于“联想记忆法”分支。当新知识与熟悉的空间线索产生联结，回忆时就能触发连锁反应。尽管初期练习可能显得笨拙，但坚持训练可显著提升长期记忆留存率。无论是应对考试还是重要发言，这套穿越千年的记忆智慧仍能为现代人提供实用价值。

中文翻译：

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位置记忆法是一种辅助记忆的技巧，用途广泛：既能帮助轻度认知障碍者学习记忆信息，也能用于演讲前的准备。实际上，几乎所有需要记忆的场景都能运用这种方法。既然你读到此处，想必是希望它在考试时发挥作用——虽然应用方式有些特别，且需掌握这个看似滑稽的技巧，但效果确实显著。具体方法如下：

什么是位置记忆法？
"Loci"一词听起来像"location"（位置），这正是该方法的精髓：空间位置是关键。通过将信息与特定空间环境的视觉形象关联来强化记忆，这种延续数百年的技巧至今仍被广泛使用。记忆大赛选手们表示，该方法能帮助他们快速记忆面孔、数字等信息。（你听说过记忆大赛吗？）

请选择一个你熟悉的场所，最好具有鲜明特征。比如商铺林立的街道、结构分明的房间，或是童年故居。关键在于必须对所选场所了如指掌，能清晰地在脑海中重现。

当需要记忆大量内容（如清单项目或演讲要点）时，想象自己正将这些内容逐一安置在场所的特定位置。例如：第一个主题放在墙角，第二个置于书桌，第三个摆在窗台。需要回忆时，只需在脑海中重新漫步其间，从对应位置拾取记忆内容。

这种方法为何有效？人类大脑对图像的记忆力远胜于文字数字，将抽象信息转化为空间意象，自然更易提取。

实战应用技巧
活用此记忆法的要诀是：将记忆内容"放置"在未来的回忆场景中。若你将在某会议室演讲或在特定教室考试，不妨以该场景作为记忆宫殿。

最佳方案是实地准备。如果条件允许，可趁课后或空闲时前往考场教室，一边学习一边将知识点"安置"于教室各处。甚至可以走动比划加深印象。注意选择固定参照物：避免使用教授桌上可能被移走的笔筒，应选择暖气片、变色天花板、讲台或门挡等永久性物体。

若无法进入实景，则需提前熟悉环境，选择门、窗等更显眼的标识。切记这本质是场脑内游戏：任何你熟悉的场所（如办公室茶水间、卧室）都能成为记忆宫殿，只要在考试时能成功唤醒这幅精神地图即可。

科学原理
看似儿戏的方法实则确有科学依据。这属于"联想记忆法"的分支——通过编造口诀、创作歌曲或运用位置记忆，将新知识与既有事物关联。当想起特定位置时，与之绑定的信息碎片便会自动浮现。

英文来源：

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The method of loci (or the loci technique) is a mnemonic memorization trick with a number of uses, from helping people with mild cognitive impairment learn and remember information, to getting someone ready to give a speech.
But you can use it in almost any context, for anything you need to remember. Obviously, you're here because it's helpful when you're taking a test, but the ways you can apply it in that scenario are a little unique and you'll need to get the hang of something that seems silly at first. Here's what to do.
What is the method of loci?
If “loci” sounds like “location,” that’s because it’s what this method is all about: Location, location, location. To employ the technique, you use visualizations of specific spatial environments to help you recall information. It’s been around for centuries and is still in use today, as memory contest participants say it helps them recall everything from faces to digits. (Did you know there are memory contests?)
Think of a location you know well, ideally one with a lot of defining features. Maybe it’s a street with a bunch of different shops, a room with a variety of surfaces and corners, or your childhood home. Any singular place works, but it's crucial it's one you know well and can truly visualize in your mind's eye.
When you have to remember a ton of things, like items in a list or topics to hit in a speech, imagine yourself placing them, one by one, in one of those little loci. One topic can go in the corner, another on the desk, and another in the windowsill, for instance. When you want to retrieve or recall the information, imagine yourself walking through the area again, picking up what you need to remember from its proper place.
Why does this work? Generally speaking, your brain remembers images better than it remembers words or numbers, so attaching the words or digits you need to remember to an image makes them easier to retrieve.
How to use use the method of loci in real life
One way to tap into the power of this memory trick is “placing” your memory items around the room you’ll be in when you need to recall them. If you know you have to speak in front of a meeting in a certain conference room, or take a test in a particular classroom, use that imagined setting as the spot where you drop your listed items.
Better yet, prepare in that space. If you're able to, sit in the classroom where you'll take your test as you prepare, maybe staying late after class or entering it when it's unoccupied at some point during the week. Imagine yourself placing the things you're studying, one by one, in locations around the room. You can even wander around and pantomime doing so if that seems helpful. Just make sure the loci you pick are permanent. Don't assign a key fact to, say, a cup of pens on the professor's desk, which may be removed from the room before your test date. Choose things like the radiator, a discolored ceiling tile, the podium, or a doorstop.
If you can't study in the classroom itself, this trick does require you to plan ahead and be familiar with the room by memory alone, so choose even broader loci, like the door or the window. And don't forget that this can all be a mental game. Your locations can be anywhere you can remember well, like the break room at your job or your bedroom, as long as you can pull up that mental map in your mind at test time.
Why it works
This might seem frivolous, but it does work. It's part of a broader memory technique called association. With association, you can make up mnemonic phrases, sing a little song, or, yes, use the method of loci. The goal is associate your newfound knowledge with something else, so whenever you think of that other thing—in this case, a location—you'll automatically remember the nugget of information you associated with it.