内容来源：https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/29/california-governor-newsom-signs-landmark-ai-safety-bill-sb-53/

内容总结：

美国加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽森近日签署了参议院第53号法案，标志着全美首部针对大型人工智能公司的透明度法规正式落地。该法案要求包括OpenAI、Anthropic、Meta和谷歌DeepMind在内的头部AI实验室公开安全协议，建立重大安全事件向州应急办公室的通报机制，并强化对内部举报人的保护措施。

法案在业界引发不同反响。Anthropic公开表示支持，而Meta与OpenAI则持续游说反对，后者甚至曾发表公开信呼吁州长否决该提案。科技公司普遍担忧各州独立立法可能形成"监管碎片化"，但加州此举仍为其他州提供立法范本——纽约州类似法案已提交州长签署。

值得注意的是，硅谷科技巨头近期正通过政治行动委员会大力扶持支持宽松监管的候选人，OpenAI与Meta高管牵头成立的超级PAC已投入数亿美元资金。在此背景下，加州仍率先构建AI监管框架，州长纽森强调"法案在保障社区安全与促进行业发展间取得平衡"，参议员威纳则指出这是其继去年更严格法案被否决后的折衷方案。

与此同时，加州议会两党还共同通过了规范AI陪伴聊天机器人的SB 243法案，要求运营商落实安全标准并承担相应法律责任，目前正待州长最终批准。这一系列立法动向显示，作为科技创新重镇的加州正尝试在人工智能治理领域确立全国性标杆。

中文翻译：

加州州长加文·纽森已签署SB 53法案，这项全美首创的立法对大型人工智能企业提出了新的透明度要求。该法案于两周前经州议会通过，要求包括OpenAI、Anthropic、Meta和谷歌DeepMind在内的头部AI实验室公开安全协议细则，并为这些企业的举报人员提供法律保护。

法案同时创设了AI企业与公众向加州应急办公室报告潜在重大安全事件的机制。企业还须上报涉及无人监管状态下实施的犯罪行为（如网络攻击）以及模型欺诈行为——这类条款未在欧盟《人工智能法案》中作强制要求。

该法案在AI行业引发不同反响。尽管Anthropic表示支持，但科技企业普遍认为州级AI政策可能形成"法规碎片化"阻碍创新。Meta与OpenAI曾进行游说反对，OpenAI甚至公开发表致州长的公开信劝阻其签署SB 53。

此项新法案出台之际，硅谷科技精英正通过超级政治行动委员会投入数亿美元资金，支持主张对AI实施轻监管的候选人。OpenAI与Meta高管近期牵头成立支持AI发展的超级政治行动委员会，旨在扶持对AI友好的候选人及法案。

其他州在遏制这种强大新兴技术无序发展可能带来的危害时，或将借鉴加州经验。纽约州议会已通过类似法案，正等待州长凯西·霍楚签署或否决。

"加州证明我们既能建立保护社区的法规，又能促进AI产业蓬勃发展。"纽森在声明中表示，"该法案实现了这种平衡。人工智能是创新前沿领域，加州不仅积极拥抱——更通过颁布全美首部前沿AI安全立法，在技术快速演进中筑牢公众信任，巩固全国领导地位。"

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州长同时正在斟酌本月获两党支持通过的SB 243法案。该法案将对AI陪伴聊天机器人实施监管，要求运营者落实安全协议，若未达标准须承担法律责任。

SB 53是参议员斯科特·维纳继去年SB 1047法案遭否决后再次推动的AI安全立法。此次维纳主动与主要AI企业沟通，协助其理解法案修订内容。

英文来源：

California Gov. Gavin Newsom has signed SB 53, a first-in-the-nation bill that sets new transparency requirements on large AI companies.
SB 53, which passed the state legislature two weeks ago, requires large AI labs — including OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta, and Google DeepMind — to be transparent about safety protocols. It also ensures whistleblower protections for employees at those companies.
In addition, SB 53 creates a mechanism for AI companies and the public to report potential critical safety incidents to California’s Office of Emergency Services. Companies also have to report incidents related to crimes committed without human oversight, such as cyberattacks, and deceptive behavior by a model that isn’t required under the EU AI Act.
The bill has received mixed reactions from the AI industry. Tech firms have broadly argued that state-level AI policy risks creating a “patchwork of regulation” that would hinder innovation, although Anthropic endorsed the bill. Meta and OpenAI lobbied against it. OpenAI even wrote and published an open letter to Gov. Newsom that discouraged his signing of SB 53.
The new bill comes as some of Silicon Valley’s tech elite have poured hundreds of millions into super PACs to back candidates that support a light-touch approach to AI regulation. Leaders at OpenAI and Meta have in recent weeks launched pro-AI super PACs that aim to back candidates and bills that are friendly to AI.
Still, other states might look to California for inspiration as they attempt to curb the potential harms caused by the unmitigated advancement of such a powerful emerging technology. In New York, a similar bill was passed by state lawmakers and is awaiting Gov. Kathy Hochul’s signature or veto.
“California has proven that we can establish regulations to protect our communities while also ensuring that the growing AI industry continues to thrive,” Newsom said in a statement. “This legislation strikes that balance. AI is the new frontier in innovation, and California is not only here for it — but stands strong as a national leader by enacting the first-in-the-nation frontier AI safety legislation that builds public trust as this emerging technology rapidly evolves.”
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The governor is also weighing another bill — SB 243 — that passed both the State Assembly and Senate with bipartisan support this month. The bill would regulate AI companion chatbots, requiring operators to implement safety protocols, and hold them legally accountable if their bots fail to meet those standards.
SB 53 is Senator Scott Wiener’s second attempt at an AI safety bill after Newsom vetoed his more sweeping SB 1047 last year amid major pushback from AI companies. With this bill, Wiener reached out to major AI companies to attempt to help them understand the changes he made to the bill.